# Gianluca Mittone

Ph.D. student at Computer Science Department, University of Turin
Parallel Computing group
Via Pessinetto 12, 10149 Torino – Italy
Email: gianluca.mittone@unito.it

## Short Bio

Gianluca Mittone received his Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science in 2017 with a thesis on the handling of exceptions in Description Logics, proposing the implementation of an algorithm for the automatic revision of ontologies exploiting a Typicality operator. He also received the Master’s Degree in Computer Science in 2019 with a master thesis on a novel distributed approach for deep learning, named NNT (Nearest Neighbours Training), which takes advantage of a locally synchronous approach to achieve a better trade-off between computational time and learning results.

After eight months as a research engineer at the Computer Science Department of the University of Turin, he is now a Ph.D. student in Modeling and Data Science at the same university, working on different projects involving HPC and Machine Learning techniques.

## Fields of interest:

• High Performance Computing
• Deep learning
• Machine Learning

## Publications

### 2021

• Y. Arfat, G. Mittone, R. Esposito, B. Cantalupo, G. M. De Ferrari, and M. Aldinucci, “A review of machine learning for cardiology,” Minerva cardiology and angiology, 2021. doi:10.23736/s2724-5683.21.05709-4

This paper reviews recent cardiology literature and reports how Artificial Intelligence Tools (specifically, Machine Learning techniques) are being used by physicians in the field. Each technique is introduced with enough details to allow the understanding of how it works and its intent, but without delving into details that do not add immediate benefits and require expertise in the field. We specifically focus on the principal Machine Learning based risk scores used in cardiovascular research. After introducing them and summarizing their assumptions and biases, we discuss their merits and shortcomings. We report on how frequently they are adopted in the field and suggest why this is the case based on our expertise in Machine Learning. We complete the analysis by reviewing how corresponding statistical approaches compare with them. Finally, we discuss the main open issues in applying Machine Learning tools to cardiology tasks, also drafting possible future directions. Despite the growing interest in these tools, we argue that there are many still underutilized techniques: while Neural Networks are slowly being incorporated in cardiovascular research, other important techniques such as Semi-Supervised Learning and Federated Learning are still underutilized. The former would allow practitioners to harness the information contained in large datasets that are only partially labeled, while the latter would foster collaboration between institutions allowing building larger and better models.

@article{21:ai4numbers:minerva,
abstract = {This paper reviews recent cardiology literature and reports how Artificial Intelligence Tools (specifically, Machine Learning techniques) are being used by physicians in the field. Each technique is introduced with enough details to allow the understanding of how it works and its intent, but without delving into details that do not add immediate benefits and require expertise in the field. We specifically focus on the principal Machine Learning based risk scores used in cardiovascular research. After introducing them and summarizing their assumptions and biases, we discuss their merits and shortcomings. We report on how frequently they are adopted in the field and suggest why this is the case based on our expertise in Machine Learning. We complete the analysis by reviewing how corresponding statistical approaches compare with them. Finally, we discuss the main open issues in applying Machine Learning tools to cardiology tasks, also drafting possible future directions. Despite the growing interest in these tools, we argue that there are many still underutilized techniques: while Neural Networks are slowly being incorporated in cardiovascular research, other important techniques such as Semi-Supervised Learning and Federated Learning are still underutilized. The former would allow practitioners to harness the information contained in large datasets that are only partially labeled, while the latter would foster collaboration between institutions allowing building larger and better models.},
author = {Yasir Arfat and Gianluca Mittone and Roberto Esposito and Barbara Cantalupo and Gaetano Maria {De Ferrari} and Marco Aldinucci},
date-modified = {2021-08-09 23:05:36 +0200},
doi = {10.23736/s2724-5683.21.05709-4},
journal = {Minerva cardiology and angiology},
keywords = {deephealth, hpc4ai},
title = {A Review of Machine Learning for Cardiology},
url = {https://iris.unito.it/retrieve/handle/2318/1796298/780512/21_AI4numbers-preprint.pdf},
year = {2021},
bdsk-url-1 = {https://iris.unito.it/retrieve/handle/2318/1796298/780512/21_AI4numbers-preprint.pdf},
bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.23736/s2724-5683.21.05709-4}
}

• M. Aldinucci, V. Cesare, I. Colonnelli, A. R. Martinelli, G. Mittone, B. Cantalupo, C. Cavazzoni, and M. Drocco, “Practical parallelization of scientific applications with OpenMP, OpenACC and MPI,” Journal of parallel and distributed computing, vol. 157, pp. 13-29, 2021. doi:10.1016/j.jpdc.2021.05.017

This work aims at distilling a systematic methodology to modernize existing sequential scientific codes with a little re-designing effort, turning an old codebase into \emph{modern} code, i.e., parallel and robust code. We propose a semi-automatic methodology to parallelize scientific applications designed with a purely sequential programming mindset, possibly using global variables, aliasing, random number generators, and stateful functions. We demonstrate that the same methodology works for the parallelization in the shared memory model (via OpenMP), message passing model (via MPI), and General Purpose Computing on GPU model (via OpenACC). The method is demonstrated parallelizing four real-world sequential codes in the domain of physics and material science. The methodology itself has been distilled in collaboration with MSc students of the Parallel Computing course at the University of Torino, that applied it for the first time to the project works that they presented for the final exam of the course. Every year the course hosts some special lectures from industry representatives, who present how they use parallel computing and offer codes to be parallelized.

@article{21:jpdc:loop,
abstract = {This work aims at distilling a systematic methodology to modernize existing sequential scientific codes with a little re-designing effort, turning an old codebase into \emph{modern} code, i.e., parallel and robust code. We propose a semi-automatic methodology to parallelize scientific applications designed with a purely sequential programming mindset, possibly using global variables, aliasing, random number generators, and stateful functions. We demonstrate that the same methodology works for the parallelization in the shared memory model (via OpenMP), message passing model (via MPI), and General Purpose Computing on GPU model (via OpenACC). The method is demonstrated parallelizing four real-world sequential codes in the domain of physics and material science. The methodology itself has been distilled in collaboration with MSc students of the Parallel Computing course at the University of Torino, that applied it for the first time to the project works that they presented for the final exam of the course. Every year the course hosts some special lectures from industry representatives, who present how they use parallel computing and offer codes to be parallelized. },
author = {Aldinucci, Marco and Cesare, Valentina and Colonnelli, Iacopo and Martinelli, Alberto Riccardo and Mittone, Gianluca and Cantalupo, Barbara and Cavazzoni, Carlo and Drocco, Maurizio},
date-modified = {2021-06-10 22:30:05 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpdc.2021.05.017},
journal = {Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing},
keywords = {saperi},
pages = {13-29},
title = {Practical Parallelization of Scientific Applications with {OpenMP, OpenACC and MPI}},
url = {https://iris.unito.it/retrieve/handle/2318/1792557/770851/Practical_Parallelization_JPDC_preprint.pdf},
volume = {157},
year = {2021},
bdsk-url-1 = {https://iris.unito.it/retrieve/handle/2318/1792557/770851/Practical_Parallelization_JPDC_preprint.pdf},
bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2021.05.017}
}

• F. D’Ascenzo, O. De Filippo, G. Gallone, G. Mittone, M. A. Deriu, M. Iannaccone, A. Ariza-Solé, C. Liebetrau, S. Manzano-Fernández, G. Quadri, T. Kinnaird, G. Campo, J. P. Simao Henriques, J. M. Hughes, A. Dominguez-Rodriguez, M. Aldinucci, U. Morbiducci, G. Patti, S. Raposeiras-Roubin, E. Abu-Assi, G. M. De Ferrari, F. Piroli, A. Saglietto, F. Conrotto, P. Omedé, A. Montefusco, M. Pennone, F. Bruno, P. P. Bocchino, G. Boccuzzi, E. Cerrato, F. Varbella, M. Sperti, S. B. Wilton, L. Velicki, I. Xanthopoulou, A. Cequier, A. Iniguez-Romo, I. Munoz Pousa, M. Cespon Fernandez, B. Caneiro Queija, R. Cobas-Paz, A. Lopez-Cuenca, A. Garay, P. F. Blanco, A. Rognoni, G. Biondi Zoccai, S. Biscaglia, I. Nunez-Gil, T. Fujii, A. Durante, X. Song, T. Kawaji, D. Alexopoulos, Z. Huczek, J. R. Gonzalez Juanatey, S. Nie, M. Kawashiri, I. Colonnelli, B. Cantalupo, R. Esposito, S. Leonardi, W. Grosso Marra, A. Chieffo, U. Michelucci, D. Piga, M. Malavolta, S. Gili, M. Mennuni, C. Montalto, L. Oltrona Visconti, and Y. Arfat, “Machine learning-based prediction of adverse events following an acute coronary syndrome (PRAISE): a modelling study of pooled datasets,” The lancet, vol. 397, iss. 10270, pp. 199-207, 2021. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32519-8

Background The accuracy of current prediction tools for ischaemic and bleeding events after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains insufficient for individualised patient management strategies. We developed a machine learning-based risk stratification model to predict all-cause death, recurrent acute myocardial infarction, and major bleeding after ACS. Methods Different machine learning models for the prediction of 1-year post-discharge all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and major bleeding (defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 or 5) were trained on a cohort of 19826 adult patients with ACS (split into a training cohort [80%] and internal validation cohort [20%]) from the BleeMACS and RENAMI registries, which included patients across several continents. 25 clinical features routinely assessed at discharge were used to inform the models. The best-performing model for each study outcome (the PRAISE score) was tested in an external validation cohort of 3444 patients with ACS pooled from a randomised controlled trial and three prospective registries. Model performance was assessed according to a range of learning metrics including area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Findings The PRAISE score showed an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.78-0.85) in the internal validation cohort and 0.92 (0.90-0.93) in the external validation cohort for 1-year all-cause death; an AUC of 0.74 (0.70-0.78) in the internal validation cohort and 0.81 (0.76-0.85) in the external validation cohort for 1-year myocardial infarction; and an AUC of 0.70 (0.66-0.75) in the internal validation cohort and 0.86 (0.82-0.89) in the external validation cohort for 1-year major bleeding. Interpretation A machine learning-based approach for the identification of predictors of events after an ACS is feasible and effective. The PRAISE score showed accurate discriminative capabilities for the prediction of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and major bleeding, and might be useful to guide clinical decision making.

@article{21:lancet,
abstract = {Background The accuracy of current prediction tools for ischaemic and bleeding events after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains insufficient for individualised patient management strategies. We developed a machine learning-based risk stratification model to predict all-cause death, recurrent acute myocardial infarction, and major bleeding after ACS.
Methods Different machine learning models for the prediction of 1-year post-discharge all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and major bleeding (defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 or 5) were trained on a cohort of 19826 adult patients with ACS (split into a training cohort [80%] and internal validation cohort [20%]) from the BleeMACS and RENAMI registries, which included patients across several continents. 25 clinical features routinely assessed at discharge were used to inform the models. The best-performing model for each study outcome (the PRAISE score) was tested in an external validation cohort of 3444 patients with ACS pooled from a randomised controlled trial and three prospective registries. Model performance was assessed according to a range of learning metrics including area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).
Findings The PRAISE score showed an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.78-0.85) in the internal validation cohort and 0.92 (0.90-0.93) in the external validation cohort for 1-year all-cause death; an AUC of 0.74 (0.70-0.78) in the internal validation cohort and 0.81 (0.76-0.85) in the external validation cohort for 1-year myocardial infarction; and an AUC of 0.70 (0.66-0.75) in the internal validation cohort and 0.86 (0.82-0.89) in the external validation cohort for 1-year major bleeding.
Interpretation A machine learning-based approach for the identification of predictors of events after an ACS is feasible and effective. The PRAISE score showed accurate discriminative capabilities for the prediction of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and major bleeding, and might be useful to guide clinical decision making.},
author = {Fabrizio D'Ascenzo and Ovidio {De Filippo} and Guglielmo Gallone and Gianluca Mittone and Marco Agostino Deriu and Mario Iannaccone and Albert Ariza-Sol\'e and Christoph Liebetrau and Sergio Manzano-Fern\'andez and Giorgio Quadri and Tim Kinnaird and Gianluca Campo and Jose Paulo {Simao Henriques} and James M Hughes and Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez and Marco Aldinucci and Umberto Morbiducci and Giuseppe Patti and Sergio Raposeiras-Roubin and Emad Abu-Assi and Gaetano Maria {De Ferrari} and Francesco Piroli and Andrea Saglietto and Federico Conrotto and Pierluigi Omed\'e and Antonio Montefusco and Mauro Pennone and Francesco Bruno and Pier Paolo Bocchino and Giacomo Boccuzzi and Enrico Cerrato and Ferdinando Varbella and Michela Sperti and Stephen B. Wilton and Lazar Velicki and Ioanna Xanthopoulou and Angel Cequier and Andres Iniguez-Romo and Isabel {Munoz Pousa} and Maria {Cespon Fernandez} and Berenice {Caneiro Queija} and Rafael Cobas-Paz and Angel Lopez-Cuenca and Alberto Garay and Pedro Flores Blanco and Andrea Rognoni and Giuseppe {Biondi Zoccai} and Simone Biscaglia and Ivan Nunez-Gil and Toshiharu Fujii and Alessandro Durante and Xiantao Song and Tetsuma Kawaji and Dimitrios Alexopoulos and Zenon Huczek and Jose Ramon {Gonzalez Juanatey} and Shao-Ping Nie and Masa-aki Kawashiri and Iacopo Colonnelli and Barbara Cantalupo and Roberto Esposito and Sergio Leonardi and Walter {Grosso Marra} and Alaide Chieffo and Umberto Michelucci and Dario Piga and Marta Malavolta and Sebastiano Gili and Marco Mennuni and Claudio Montalto and Luigi {Oltrona Visconti} and Yasir Arfat},
date-modified = {2021-03-26 23:53:19 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32519-8},
issn = {0140-6736},
journal = {The Lancet},
keywords = {deephealth, hpc4ai},
number = {10270},
pages = {199-207},
title = {Machine learning-based prediction of adverse events following an acute coronary syndrome {(PRAISE)}: a modelling study of pooled datasets},
}